Leaf Morphology:

 

Phyllode/ Cladode: modifyed stems that act as leaves.

 

LEAF POSITION

Ensiform: leaves sharp edges, taper into a slender point (fern)

 

PLANT HAIR

Stellate: hairs come up like fingers. Looks like cluster of hair.

 

Peltate: "petiole joins to the center" in leaves. With hair, at the end of each single hair, a flat, round, part is attached.

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Glossary of Terms:

 

WHORLED - more than two (2) opposite leaves.

 

 

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OPPOSITE - leaf nodes are on opposite sides of twig. Arranged by Compound (below left) or Simple (below right):

  

 

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ALTERNATE - leaf nodes alternate in pattern along branch. Arranged in Compound or Simple.

 

  

 

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DECUSSATE - Arranged on a stem in opposite pairs at right angles to those above or below, resulting in vertical rows of leaves. 

 

 

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PALMATE - consisting of leaflets or lobes radiating from the base of the leaf.

 

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Fruits

CAPSULE - a hollow dry fruit with 3+ locules (chambers)

     Dehiscent = splits open to release the seed.

     Indehiscent: remaining closed, do not split open at maturity.

•      Capsule Types-

Dehiscent: Capsule breaks to release fruit         Indehiscent: This is a drupe, no hard capsule that is made to split open

                      

 

DRUPE - a fruit which has an outer fleshy part [exocarp/skin or mesocarp/flesh] that surrounds a shell (pit or stone) with a seed inside.

• A walnut is a drupe fruit.

 

 

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SAMARA - (“Helicopters” or “Whirligigs”)- Winged seed, indehiscent, distributed by wind.

 

SCHIZOCARP- ("split fruit") - Dry fruit; when mature it splits up into one-seeded mericarps. The mericarp is either: 

 

 

 

 

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OVATE (ovoid)                     OBOVATE (obovoid)                          ELLIPTICAL 

 

                                                  

 

Root Index

 

Adventitious- Develops from any plant part other than the roots

     Modifications of Adventitious roots :

          Tuberous Roots: ex- Sweet Potato

          Fasciculated Root: ex- Asparagus

          Nodulose Roots: ex- Tumeric

          Stilt Roots: ex- Maize

          Prop Roots: ex- Mangrove

Fibrous- Root system branched and of simalar thickness, main taproot not obvious. ex: White Clover

Taproot- Main root, large, down-growth ex: Carrot

Aerial- Root grows above ground or water ex: Epiphytes

Fleshy-Thick root, stores water or carbohydrates ex: Beets

Haustorial- Root penetrates other plants, parasitic to other plants (absorbs water and nutrients from them) ex-Love Vine (Bahamas :) )

 

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Other Terms

 

Xerophytes: plants that are adapted to dry climates/habitats

 

Halophytes: PLants that can tolerate high levels of soil salinity

 

Erect Stems: Stems that stand with vertical or upright habit

 

 

References: 

http://www.ag.auburn.edu/hort/landscape/dbpages/images/185a.jpg

http://www.bioed.org/nhguideweb/PlantGuide/Glossary/illustrations/decussate.jpg

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/773/92111.JPG

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/botanicalsciences/ClassificationPlants/Spermatophyta/Angiosperms/ReproductiveMorphologyII/V26R088.jpg

http://www.flickr.com/photos/martinlabar/2415101341/

http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/g/wgydi--lffrom-below11899.jpg

http://www.bio.txstate.edu/~dlemke/botany/1410lab/lab_exercises/lab7/morphology/whorled.jpg

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/fo02/vincetox.jpg

http://blh23.net/trees/images/acer_negundo_leaf.jpg

http://www.answers.com 

www.pngplants.org/PNGtrees