| 
  • If you are citizen of an European Union member nation, you may not use this service unless you are at least 16 years old.

  • You already know Dokkio is an AI-powered assistant to organize & manage your digital files & messages. Very soon, Dokkio will support Outlook as well as One Drive. Check it out today!

View
 

Field Trip 3

Page history last edited by Anna Elizabeth Donaldson 14 years, 11 months ago

McDaniel Campus

2/10/09

Back to Field-Trips


 

Trees:

  1. Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica
  2. Unknown Fir
  3. Northern white cedar, Thuja occidentalis
  4. Elm, Ulmus sp.
  5. Maple, Acer sp.
  6. English Walnut, Juglans regia
  7. American Holly, Ilex opaca
  8. Possible ID: Pinus strobus (N.A. White Pine)
  9. Eastern Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana 
  10. Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida
  11. Black Locust, Robinia pseudoacacia
  12. American Sycamore, Platanus oocidentalis
  13. Sassafras, Sassafras albidum
  14. American Beech, Fagus grandifolia
  15. Rosa multiflora, Rosehip

 

Plants:

  1. Allium canadense (Wild Onion)
  2. Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
  3. Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard)
  4. Phytolacca (Poke Weed)
  5. Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)

Vocabulary:

 

Monoecious = unisexual reproduction, male & female parts on same plant.

Dioecious = male & female reproduction parts on separate individual plants of the same species. At least one male plant must be present for the fruit-bearing female plants to be pollinated.

  

Monocot = parallel leaf veins

Eudicot = reticulated leaf veins 

 

Annual = One year life cycle

Biennial = 2 year life cycle. The first year is for growth/maturation; tap roots send up a flower to reproduce in the second year.

Perennial = greater than two  year life cycle

 

Thorn = modified/stunted branches that spike (pear, locust)

Prickle = extension from epidermis (rose, blackberry)

Spines = sharp modified leaves (cactus) 

 

 

Tree #1: Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica

Order: Pineales

Family: Curpressaceae

 

Etymology:

Greek. kryptos- (hidden) and -meros (part) 

 

Description:

  • Monoecious, Bark peels off in strips
  • Leaves are needle-like, spherically arranged
  • Cypress / Juniper family
    • Woody, spherical cones
  • Ornamental conifer; USA and Asia has similar climates
  • Japonica refers to the origin (Asia/Japan).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tree #2: Unknown Fir

Family: Pinaceae 

 

Spruces – piceae  

Firs – abies 

 

 

Tree #3: Northern white cedar, Thuja occidentalis

Order: Pineales

Family: Curpressaceae 

 

  • Leaves are flat and scaly, arranged compound & alternate
  • Ornamental conifer
  • Arbor vitae = “tree of life”; medicinal properties of the sap, bark and twigs
    • Also called White Cedar, although unrelated to the Cedar family. 

  

 

 

Tree #4: Elm, Ulmus

Family: Ulmaceae

 

  • The really tall tree across the corner of Campus Safety. 

 

  

Tree #5: Maple (Acer)

Family: Sapindaceae

  • Opposite arranged branches
  •  Vertically grooved bark 

 

 

Tree #6: English Walnut (Juglans regia)

Order: Fagales

Family: Juglandaceae

Similar to: Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)

\\

Description: 

  • 3 vascular bundle scars (pictured below)
  • Twigs have chambered pith (pictured below)
  • Large, pinnately compound leaves, droopy branches
  • Flowering tree
  • Fruit type: Drupe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tree #7: American Holly (Ilex opaca)

Order: Aquafoliales

Family: Aquafoliaceae

 

 

Description: 

  • Leaf edges are curved into several sharp, spike-like points 
  • Corriaceous leaves (Latin-Word-Guide-)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tree #8: possible identification: Pinus strobus (N.A. White Pine)

Order: Pinales

Family: Pinaceae

 

Two Subgenera of Pinus:

  • White Pines
    • 5 needles per fascicle;  Flimsy needles; Whorled branches

 

As opposed to:  

  • Yellow Pines
    • 2 or 3 needles per fascicle; Stiff needles

Cone Maturation:

Natal = this year

Juvenile = last year

Adult = two years ago 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WHORLED ARRANGEMENT (Synthesizing-info-and-Morphology)

 

 

Tree #9: Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) 

Order: Pinales

Family: Cupressaceae

 

  • evergreen
  • fruit is a blue berry on female trees
  • opposite/subopposite; whorled leaves

 Tree #10: Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)

Order: Cornales

Family: Cornaceae

 

  • Opposite leaves, crown shaped buds
  • White flowers are non-descript, modified leaves, actual flowers are clustered in the middle 

 

 

Tree #11: Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)

Order: Fabales

Family: Fabaceae

 

  • Row of trees lining street parallel to tennis courts
  • Bark: Dark gray brown tinged with red
  • Leaves: Parallel, compound

Flowers

 

  

Tree #12: Sycamore

Order: Platanales

Family: Platanaceae

Binomial: Plantanus oocidentalis (American Sycamore)

 

  • Alternate arrangement, fuzzy hair on leaf veins; produces fruit
  • Typically in low-lying areas, or near water
  • A basal family of eudicots
  • Numerous raised bundle scars
  • White, grey and brown flaking bark 

 

     

 

 

Tree #13: Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)

Order: Laurales

Family: Lauraceae

 

Description:
  • Is “Primitive”; a non-monocot & non-eudicot
  • Pyramidal buds (see picture)
  • Dull, orange-brown wood
    • Juvenile branches a characteristic green color (see picture)
  • Aromatic oils, possible carcinogenic properties
    • primary oil: saffrole
  • 3 types of leaves on same tree:

 

 


 

Tree#14: American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)

Order: Fagales

Family: Fagaceae

 

Dr. McM's Beech video

Description:

  • Alternate arrangement, spiky leaf buds
  • Smooth, stony bark is grey in color
  • monoecious
  • small nut fruit (see picture)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant #1:Allium canadense (Wild Onion)

Order: Asparagales

FamilyAlliaceae 

 

 

Description: 

  • Also called: Tree Onion, Meadow Garlic, Canadian Garlic
  • Monocot family
  • Inflorescence = (flower arrangement)
    • Spherical umbel (same central point)   

 

 

 

 

 


 

Plant #2: Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)

Order: Lamiales

Family: Plantagenaceae

 

Description: 

  • A eudicotic weed with rosette growth formation
  • Tricky field character: Is a Eudicot with parallel veins, making it look like a monocots
  • European invasive plant 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant #3: Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard)

Order: Brassicales

Family: Brassicaceae 

 

Description: 

  • Onion-like, Biennial flowering plant
  • Round-shaped, slightly wrinkled leaves
    • When crushed, smells like garlic
    • Grows from thin white taproot 
  • Considered a 'noxious weed' in many states. This typically means it is an invasive plant that is considered particularly threatening to native plants.

 


 

Plant#4:

Order: Caryophyllales

Family: Phytolaccaceae 

Genus: Phytolacca (Poke Weed)

 

  • Caryophyllales = betalin group (pigments)
  • Winter:
    • Husk, non-woody (tan & black in color
  • Summer
    • Stout stems are beet purple
    • Dark purple-red berries poisonous to mammals (phytolaccatoxin)
      • Can be eaten by birds, outer shell remains intact until elimination 

 

 

 

Plant #5: Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry) 

Order: Rosales

Family: Rosaceae

 

Description: 

  • Red stems, waxy sheen
  • Prickles on stem, pinnate leaves
  • Dark, purple-black berries in season  
  • Dark anthocyanins in juice once used as edible ink by the USDA to stamp meat
  • Anthocyanin pigments are also antioxidants and R. occidentalis is reputed to have a higher antioxidant capacity than blueberries.

 

 

 

 


 

Plant #6:

Order: Rosales

Family: Rosaceae

Binomial: Rosa multiflora (Rosehip)

 

  • Prickles on stem, small red fruit
  • High Vitamin C content, edible but not much taste (bitter/sour)

 

 

Comments (0)

You don't have permission to comment on this page.