McDaniel Campus
2/10/09
Back to Field-Trips
Trees:
- Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica
- Unknown Fir
- Northern white cedar, Thuja occidentalis
- Elm, Ulmus sp.
- Maple, Acer sp.
- English Walnut, Juglans regia
- American Holly, Ilex opaca
- Possible ID: Pinus strobus (N.A. White Pine)
- Eastern Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana
- Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida
- Black Locust, Robinia pseudoacacia
- American Sycamore, Platanus oocidentalis
- Sassafras, Sassafras albidum
- American Beech, Fagus grandifolia
- Rosa multiflora, Rosehip
Plants:
- Allium canadense (Wild Onion)
- Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
- Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard)
- Phytolacca (Poke Weed)
- Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)
Vocabulary:
Monoecious = unisexual reproduction, male & female parts on same plant.
Dioecious = male & female reproduction parts on separate individual plants of the same species. At least one male plant must be present for the fruit-bearing female plants to be pollinated.
Monocot = parallel leaf veins
Eudicot = reticulated leaf veins
Annual = One year life cycle
Biennial = 2 year life cycle. The first year is for growth/maturation; tap roots send up a flower to reproduce in the second year.
Perennial = greater than two year life cycle
Thorn = modified/stunted branches that spike (pear, locust)
Prickle = extension from epidermis (rose, blackberry)
Spines = sharp modified leaves (cactus)
Tree #1: Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica
Order: Pineales
Family: Curpressaceae
Etymology:
Greek. kryptos- (hidden) and -meros (part)
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Description:
- Monoecious, Bark peels off in strips
- Leaves are needle-like, spherically arranged
- Cypress / Juniper family
- Ornamental conifer; USA and Asia has similar climates
- Japonica refers to the origin (Asia/Japan).
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Tree #2: Unknown Fir
Family: Pinaceae
Spruces – piceae
Firs – abies
Tree #3: Northern white cedar, Thuja occidentalis
Order: Pineales
Family: Curpressaceae
- Leaves are flat and scaly, arranged compound & alternate
- Ornamental conifer
- Arbor vitae = “tree of life”; medicinal properties of the sap, bark and twigs
- Also called White Cedar, although unrelated to the Cedar family.
Tree #4: Elm, Ulmus
Family: Ulmaceae
- The really tall tree across the corner of Campus Safety.
Tree #5: Maple (Acer)
Family: Sapindaceae
- Opposite arranged branches
- Vertically grooved bark
Tree #6: English Walnut (Juglans regia)
Order: Fagales
Family: Juglandaceae
Similar to: Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)
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Description:
- 3 vascular bundle scars (pictured below)
- Twigs have chambered pith (pictured below)
- Large, pinnately compound leaves, droopy branches
- Flowering tree
- Fruit type: Drupe
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Tree #7: American Holly (Ilex opaca)
Order: Aquafoliales
Family: Aquafoliaceae
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Description:
- Leaf edges are curved into several sharp, spike-like points
- Corriaceous leaves (Latin-Word-Guide-)
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Tree #8: possible identification: Pinus strobus (N.A. White Pine)
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Two Subgenera of Pinus:
- White Pines
- 5 needles per fascicle; Flimsy needles; Whorled branches
As opposed to:
- Yellow Pines
- 2 or 3 needles per fascicle; Stiff needles
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Cone Maturation:
Natal = this year
Juvenile = last year
Adult = two years ago
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Tree #9: Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)
Order: Pinales
Family: Cupressaceae
- evergreen
- fruit is a blue berry on female trees
- opposite/subopposite; whorled leaves
Tree #10: Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Order: Cornales
Family: Cornaceae
- Opposite leaves, crown shaped buds
- White flowers are non-descript, modified leaves, actual flowers are clustered in the middle
Tree #11: Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
- Row of trees lining street parallel to tennis courts
- Bark: Dark gray brown tinged with red
- Leaves: Parallel, compound
Tree #12: Sycamore
Order: Platanales
Family: Platanaceae
Binomial: Plantanus oocidentalis (American Sycamore)
- Alternate arrangement, fuzzy hair on leaf veins; produces fruit
- Typically in low-lying areas, or near water
- A basal family of eudicots
- Numerous raised bundle scars
- White, grey and brown flaking bark
Tree #13: Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
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Description:
- Is “Primitive”; a non-monocot & non-eudicot
- Pyramidal buds (see picture)
- Dull, orange-brown wood
- Juvenile branches a characteristic green color (see picture)
- Aromatic oils, possible carcinogenic properties
- 3 types of leaves on same tree:
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Tree#14: American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Dr. McM's Beech video
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Description:
- Alternate arrangement, spiky leaf buds
- Smooth, stony bark is grey in color
- monoecious
- small nut fruit (see picture)
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Plant #1:Allium canadense (Wild Onion)
Order: Asparagales
Family: Alliaceae
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Description:
- Also called: Tree Onion, Meadow Garlic, Canadian Garlic
- Monocot family
- Inflorescence = (flower arrangement)
- Spherical umbel (same central point)
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Plant #2: Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantagenaceae
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Description:
- A eudicotic weed with rosette growth formation
- Tricky field character: Is a Eudicot with parallel veins, making it look like a monocots
- European invasive plant
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Plant #3: Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard)
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
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Description:
- Onion-like, Biennial flowering plant
- Round-shaped, slightly wrinkled leaves
- When crushed, smells like garlic
- Grows from thin white taproot
- Considered a 'noxious weed' in many states. This typically means it is an invasive plant that is considered particularly threatening to native plants.
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Plant#4:
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Phytolaccaceae
Genus: Phytolacca (Poke Weed)
- Caryophyllales = betalin group (pigments)
- Winter:
- Husk, non-woody (tan & black in color
- Summer
- Stout stems are beet purple
- Dark purple-red berries poisonous to mammals (phytolaccatoxin)
- Can be eaten by birds, outer shell remains intact until elimination
Plant #5: Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
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Description:
- Red stems, waxy sheen
- Prickles on stem, pinnate leaves
- Dark, purple-black berries in season
- Dark anthocyanins in juice once used as edible ink by the USDA to stamp meat
- Anthocyanin pigments are also antioxidants and R. occidentalis is reputed to have a higher antioxidant capacity than blueberries.
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Plant #6:
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Binomial: Rosa multiflora (Rosehip)
- Prickles on stem, small red fruit
- High Vitamin C content, edible but not much taste (bitter/sour)
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